Legal definitions
Greek law does not contain a statutory definition of “minor.” Rather, the nation adheres to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which defines a child as any person under age 18. For criminal purposes, “minor” refers to individuals who are at least 12 years old, but not yet 18. A person under age 10 lacks legal capacity, and minors age 14 and older have limited legal capacity. The legal age of consent to engage in sexual activity varies under the Greek Penal Code based on age and circumstances.
There is no standalone definition of “child sexual exploitation,” however, Greek law criminalizes various exploitative acts. “Sexually explicit conduct” and “sextortion” are not defined, but related concepts are. Greek law does not explicitly define “child sexual abuse,” however “sexual abuse” is clearly defined. “Child pornography” is defined under Greek Penal Code. Computer generated child sexual abuse material (CSAM) is treated as “simulated” child pornography, which is criminalized. “Grooming” is not defined, but underlying behavior is criminalized.
Regulatory requirements/recommendations
Greek law imposes an indirect legal obligation on online platforms through the EU’s Digital Services Act. Platforms are not obligated to proactively monitor or review content, but they are obligated to effectively respond when made aware of illegal content, which platforms also must to the Hellenic Police.
Age verification requirements/recommendations
Online platforms are not required to implement any method of age verification before a user can access their services. However, the government administers a “KidsWallet” app to facilitate age verification on a voluntary basis.
Parental consent requirements/recommendations
In accordance with the GDPR, if an online platform offers services directly to children under 15 years of age, it must obtain parental consent before processing the child's personal data. For children aged 15–17, the child's own consent is sufficient. The “KidsWallet” app also may support parental consent on a voluntary basis.
Legal remedies for child victims
When CSAM is identified, a public prosecutor can order the termination or blocking of websites hosting the CSAM. The Department for Online Child Protection and Digital Investigation investigates and prosecutes offenses committed against minors through the use of the internet. Under the GDPR, a minor may request deletion of personal data when there is no legal basis to keep it. Pursuant to the Greek Code of Civil Procedure, a court may issue injunctive relief against an online platform to prevent publication or continued dissemination of unlawful content. A court also may issue temporary injunctions to protect victims. An injured party may pursue moral damages under the Greek Civil code or initiate a civil action seeking financial redress for harms suffered. Victims also may seek compensation from perpetrators under Greek criminal law.
"Safety by Design" requirements
Online platforms are not required to incorporate “Safety by Design” into their systems. Compliance with EU Regulations on the matter is required.